The logic of "The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking"

Template of analyzing the logic of an article by "The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking"

This purpose of this essay is to introduce a comprehensive account of critical thinking that can be ascribed to the works of Richard Paul and Linda Elder, and presents guidelines and remarks that can be useful for teachers and instructors interested in designing and conducting an academic course of critical thinking. Philosophical roots of critical thinking, its perspectives and place in education, are also mentioned.

All reasoning is an attempt to figure something out, to settle some question, to solve some problem. The author headed them as one system, No system and multi system. The key question that the author is trying to address is whether this question that has one right answer or can there be more than one reasonable answer. Does this question require judgment rather than facts alone, or if there are any other ways, we are trying to ask the question.

The most important information in the article is that the best thinkers respect evidence and reasoning and value them as tools for discovering the truth. The idea of intellectual standards and pointed out that all natural languages are repositories for such standards, which, when appropriately applied, serve as guides for assessing human reasoning. We argued that intellectual standards are necessary for cultivating the intellect and living a rational life, are presupposed in many concepts in modern natural languages, and are presupposed in every subject and discipline. In this column, the second in the series, we introduce and explicate some of the intellectual standards essential to reasoning well through the problems and issues implicit in everyday human life. The thinkers naturally think from a personal perspective, from a point of view that tends to privilege their position. Fairness implies the treating of all relevant viewpoints alike without reference to one’s own feelings or interests. Because everyone tends to be biased in favour of their own viewpoint, it is important to keep the intellectual standard of fairness at the forefront of thinking. This is especially important when the situation may call on us to examine things that are difficult to see or give something up we would rather hold onto.

The main conclusion the author presents is about dealing With Your Irrational Mind. The best thinkers take charge of their egocentric nature by understanding egocentric thinking. Understanding egocentrism as a mind within the mind. Successful egocentric thinking, or unsuccessful egocentric thinking. They become explicitly Aware of their egocentric Thinking only if trying to do so. The Best Thinkers Challenge the Pathological Tendencies of Their Minds.

The key concepts we need to understand in this article is egocentric thinking. It results in the fact that humans do not naturally consider the rights and needs for others. As humans live with the unrealistic but confident sense that have fundamentally figured out the way things actually are. Egocentric thinking narrows the perspectives of the human mind when experiencing the world and the people living on it. Individuals predisposed to egocentric thinking do not consider and appreciate the rights, the needs, and the views of other people. By the concept, the author means that humans are naturally prone to assess thinking and mentions us as “self-deceived animals”.

The main assumption underlying the author's thinking is to mention that the purpose means learning about one's self, understanding one's personal psychology, and committing to this process in perpetuity. Also, it includes the capacity to explore relationships and pay attention to information about one's self that emerges within relationships, particularly relationships with teenagers. It is important to include that the author objective was to point out why teenagers are so challenging at times, and why their behaviour can affect adults who work with them; it means teachers. what is also important for the author is to focus on teenager's attitude and why they cannot control their impulses, act accurately and so on. On the other hand, adults have to understand the phenomenon of adolescence functions and guide them to a changing world.

If we take this line of reasoning seriously, the implications are that we would stop depending on technology too much. We would start to read books and newspaper in printed form again and spend less time on-line to for searching information that can be found in books. If we fail to take this line of reasoning seriously, the implications are continuous reading of on-line newspaper and using the search engine. Be lazy by just relying on information available on the web. People will stop reading printed newspapers and maybe there will be no more lengthy articles or books in future.

In conclusion, the author tries to look for how modern technologies effect the users and found out that in a way it helps users, but in other way it effects users. It makes users want to avoid reading in a traditional style. Now most of users cannot read lengthy article, because they are starting to lose attention and interest to the article after reading barely few pages.